BEA The disappearance of Air France Flight 447 over the deep water Atlantic while en. The pilots were confused and unaware they had stalled the plane which was plummeting until seconds before it slammed into the ocean at around 200km/h. The flight landed safely in Paris 6 hours and 40 minutes after the mayday call. Air France flight 447: investigators examine black boxes from 2009 crash, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, 2023 Guardian News & Media Limited or its affiliated companies. [e][140] Fifteen aircraft (including two helicopters) were devoted to the search mission. [282][283], Several cases have occurred in which inaccurate airspeed information led to flight incidents on the A330 and A340. ", was published by Vanity Fair in October 2014. The team is moving to recover as much. According to the final report,[2] the accident resulted from this succession of major events: These events resulted from these major factors in combination:[2]. But for. [142] Other aircraft involved in the search scanned, visually, 320,000 square kilometres (120,000sqmi; 93,000sqnmi) of ocean and were used to direct Navy vessels involved in the recovery effort. One hour it's not enough right now. Shortly thereafter, the ground proximity warning system sounded an alarm, warning the crew about the aircraft's imminent crash with the ocean. Nationalities shown are as stated by Air France on 1 June 2009. Air France implemented the change on its A320 fleet, on which the incidents of water ingress were observed, and decided to do so in its A330/340 fleet only when failures started to occur in May 2008. [168][171][172][173] Air France and Airbus jointly funded the third phase of the search. [276] Although the BEA could find no "objective" indications that the pilots of Flight 447 were suffering from fatigue,[2]:100[277] some exchanges recorded on the CVR, including a remark made by Captain Dubois that he had only slept an hour,[k] could indicate the crew were not well rested before the flight. [135] However, the notion that the aircraft fragmented while airborne ultimately was refuted by investigators. [43][86][2] Robert pushed his side-stick forward to try to regain lift for the airplane to exit the stall. Attributing nationality was complicated by the holding of, Passengers who had citizenship in one country but were attributed to another country by Air France are indicated with, A criminal investigation for manslaughter began on 5 June 2009, under the supervision of Investigating Magistrate Sylvie Zimmerman from the Paris High Court (. [284] In the second incident, an Air France A340-300 (F-GLZN) en route from Paris to New York encountered turbulence followed by the autoflight systems going offline, warnings over the accuracy of the reported airspeed, and 2 minutes of stall alerts. [122] On 2 June at 15:20 (UTC), a Brazilian Air Force Embraer R-99A spotted wreckage and signs of oil, possibly jet fuel, strewn along a 5km (3mi; 3nmi) band 650km (400mi; 350nmi) north-east of Fernando de Noronha Island, near the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago. [83] The wings lost lift and the aircraft began to stall. April 4, 2011, 7:16 AM PDT / Source: msnbc.com news services. There was a similar side-stick control issue in the, "I didn't sleep enough last night. A Brazilian navy diver checks a piece of debris from Air France Flight 447 in the Atlantic. The NTSB also examined a similar 23 June 2009 incident on a Northwest Airlines flight from Hong Kong to Tokyo,[285] concluding in both cases that the aircraft operating manual was sufficient to prevent a dangerous situation from occurring. Parts of the wreckage of an Air France plane found in the Atlantic over the weekend contain the bodies of some of the passengers who . At 02:11:40 UTC, Captain Dubois re-entered the cockpit after being summoned by Robert. The meraude was to work with the mini-sub Nautile, which can descend to the ocean floor. Nearly two years after Air France Flight 447 mysteriously crashed into the Atlantic Ocean off Brazil, crews are raising the first victim's body from the ocean floor. The pilots did not read out the available data (vertical velocity, altitude, etc.). ", "Situation Awareness and the Human-Machine Interface", "FAA Streamlines Aoa Approval Policy Designed To Make Life-Saving Instrument More Affordable", "Press Release FAA Clears Path for Installation of Angle of Attack Indicators in Small Aircraft", "Final AF447 Report Suggests Pilot Slavishly Followed Flight Director Pitch Commands", "Air France Flight 447: 'Damn it, we're going to crash', "Death in the Atlantic: The Last Four Minutes of Air France Flight 447", "Report: Airbus design may have contributed to deadly crash", "Air France 447: Final report on what brought airliner down", "Air France Flight 447's lessons four years later", "Crash du Rio-Paris, la fatigue des pilotes a t cache", "AF 445 statt AF 447: Air France ndert Flugnummer auf der tragischen Unglcksroute", "Incident: Air France A332 over Atlantic on Nov 30th 2009, Mayday call due to severe turbulence", "Flight AF445 Rio-Paris-CDG on 29 November 2009", "Air France 447 Two A330 airspeed and altitude incidents under NTSB scrutiny", "Probable cause: Northwest Airlines incident occurred Tuesday, June 23, 2009 (DCA09IA064)", "How Plane Crash Forensics Lead to Safer Aviation", "Five-Year Anniversary of AF447: MH370 Dj vu? The engines always responded to commands and were developing in excess of 100 percent N1 when the flight ended. The BEA stated that no conclusions had been made, investigations were continuing, and no interim report was expected before the summer. From the time the aircraft stalled until its impact with the ocean, the engines were primarily developing either 100% N1 or TOGA thrust, though they were briefly spooled down to about 50 percent N1 on two occasions. [90][91][92] These messages, sent to prepare maintenance workers on the ground prior to arrival, were transmitted between 02:10 UTC and 02:15 UTC,[93] and consisted of five failure reports and 19 warnings. [136] At this point, on the evidence of the recovered bodies and materials, investigators confirmed the plane had crashed, killing everyone on board. The flight data recorder has also now been recovered Click here to see photos of the black box search effort. Divers recover part of the tail section from the Air France aircraft that crashed over the Atlantic ocean on 1 June 2009. The areas showing detailed bathymetry were mapped using multibeam bathymetric sonar. [citation needed], The aviation-disaster documentary television series Mayday (also known as Air Crash Investigation and Air Emergency) produced a 45-minute episode titled "Air France 447: Vanished", which aired on 15 April 2013 in Great Britain and 17 May 2013 in the U.S.[309], An article about the crash by American author and pilot William Langewiesche, entitled "Should Airplanes Be Flying Themselves? [99][100], The remainder of the messages occurred from 02:11 UTC to 02:14 UTC, containing a fault message for an air data inertial reference unit and ISIS. In September 2007, Airbus recommended that Thales C16195AA pitot tubes should be replaced by Thales model C16195BA to address the problem of water ingress that had been observed. [2]:79[4]:7[5] The accident is the deadliest in the history of Air France, as well as the deadliest aviation accident involving the Airbus A330. ", "Air France and Airbus face Paris trial call over deadly crash: source", "Air France and Airbus to face trial over 2009 Rio-Paris crash, French court says", "Airbus and Air France Go on Trial Over 2009 Rio-Paris Crash", "Air France and Airbus charged with involuntary homicide for Rio-Paris crash in 2009", "Families of crash victims rain wrath on Airbus, Air France", "Air France, Airbus face angry families in AF447 crash trial", "French prosecutors will not seek Airbus, Air France convictions over 2009 Rio-Paris crash", "Families dismayed at trial for Rio-Paris Air France crash", "Airbus & Air France Escape Prosecution In AF447 Crash Trial", "No convictions sought in French court over 2009 Rio-Paris crash", "Airbus and Air France Acquitted Over 2009 Rio-Paris Crash", "Air France and Airbus cleared of involuntary manslaughter over 2009 crash", "Airbus, Air France acquitted over 2009 Rio-Paris crash", "Prosecutor appeals Rio-Paris plane crash verdict that cleared Air France, Airbus of manslaughter", "Nova Working on Air France 447 Documentary", "Episode 170: Children of the Magenta (Automation Paradox, pt. [38] They were assisted by a Casa 235 maritime patrol aircraft from Spain[117] and a United States Navy Lockheed Martin P-3 Orion anti-submarine warfare and maritime patrol aircraft. [149][150][151] The search teams logged the time and location of every find in a database which, by the time the search ended on 26 June, catalogued 640 items of debris from the aircraft. [143][144][145] They were transported to shore, first by the frigates Constituio and Bossio to the islands of Fernando de Noronha, and thereafter by air to Recife for identification. (modern). [89] [2] [87] ISBN 978-0-9847142-6-1. PARIS (Reuters) - The bodies of 104 victims of an Air France flight that crashed into the Atlantic Ocean two years ago will arrive in France on Thursday, starting what promises to be a . The aircraft remained stalled during its entire 3-minute-30-second descent from 38,000 feet (12,000m). Olivier Ferrante, a senior adviser at the BEA, oversaw the 22-month underwater search that involved combing 17,000 sq km of ocean bed at depths of up to 4,000 metres. From there until the end of the flight, the angle of attack never dropped below 35. The stall warning deactivates by design when the angle of attack measurements are considered invalid, and this is the case when the airspeed drops below a certain limit. [93][97] Bruno Sinatti, president of Alter, Air France's third-biggest pilots' union, stated, "Piloting becomes very difficult, near impossible, without reliable speed data. [289] In April, it was announced that both companies would be prosecuted over the crash. This is standard contingency procedure when changing altitude without direct ATC authorization. [187] Other items found were engines, wing parts and the landing gear. The pilot-in-control pulled back on the stick, thus increasing the angle of attack and causing the aircraft to, The pilots apparently did not notice that the aircraft had reached its. [d] At 02:13 UTC, a fault message for the flight management guidance and envelope computer was sent. [180][181][182] The third phase of the search ended on 24 May 2010 without any success, though the BEA says that the search 'nearly' covered the whole area drawn up by investigators. June 6, 2009, 2:48 AM PDT / Source: NBC News and news services. The Brazilian Air Force Embraer R99 flew for more than 100 hours, and electronically scanned more than a million square kilometers of ocean. [189] The French Ecology and Transportation Minister Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet stated the bodies and wreckage would be brought to the surface and taken to France for examination and identification. The Der Spiegel report asserts that such a crash "could happen again". In the early hours of the first of June 2009, Air France flight 447 from Rio de Janeiro to Paris disappeared in a radar dead zone over the mid-Atlantic. ", "Air France crash recovery ends with 74 bodies missing", "Vol AF 447: ouverture d'une information judiciaire", "Terror Names Linked To Doomed Flight AF 447", "Air France charged in Rio flight crash investigation", "French prosecutors recommend manslaughter charge for Air France over 2009 crash", "AF447: Air France sent back to court, case dismissed for Airbus", "Air France crash: Manslaughter charges dropped over 2009 disaster", "Organisation of the technical investigation", Bureau d'Enqutes et d'Analyses pour la Scurit de l'Aviation Civile, "Air France Jet 'Did Not Break Up in Mid-Air', "INFO LE FIGARO AF 447: Airbus mis hors de cause par les botes noires", Flight AF 447 on 1 June 2009 A330-203, registered F-GZCP Press release on 17 May 2011, "Vol Rio-Paris: L'enqute ne montre pas de dysfonctionnements majeurs de l'Airbus", "Clues Point to Speed Issues in Air France Crash", "Air France searchers find three more bodies", "Air France probe focuses on airspeed instruments", "Flight Air France 447 Rio De Janeiro-Paris Charles De Gaulle Press release N 12: Update on anemometric sensors", "Press release no. [268][270], In a July 2012 CBS report, Sullenberger suggested the design of the Airbus cockpit might have been a factor in the accident. Half the accident investigators in the Western world and in Russia too are waiting for these results. [56], The aircraft departed from Rio de JaneiroGaleo International Airport on 31 May 2009 at 19:29 Brazilian Standard Time (22:29 UTC),[2]:21 with a scheduled arrival at Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport at 11:03 Central European Summer Time (09:03 UTC) the following day (estimated flight time of 10:34). The two bodies recovered after 20 days were . [137][138] The following day, 7 June, search crews recovered the Airbus's vertical stabilizer, the first major piece of wreckage to be discovered. [210] The case against Airbus was dropped on 22 July the same year. Despite the fact that they were aware that altitude was declining rapidly, the pilots were unable to determine which instruments to trust; all values may have appeared to them to be incoherent. The legal investigation ended in March, but a decade on there is no indication if or when there will be a trial. At the time of its disappearance, F-GZCP was using satellite communication, its position over the mid-Atlantic being too far from land-based receivers for VHF to be effective. [312], The Rooster Teethproduced podcast Black Box Down covered the flight in an episode titled "Stalling 38,000 Feet Over The Atlantic" on 30 July 2020. The final BEA report points to the human-computer interface (HCI) of the Airbus as a possible factor contributing to the crash. The crew were late in identifying and correcting the deviation from the flight path. [140], By 16 June 2009, 50 bodies had been recovered from a wide area of the ocean. [126][127], Also on 2 June, two French Navy vessels, the frigate Ventse and helicopter-carrier Mistral, were en route to the suspected crash site. Families and friends of the victims were outraged by the decision. "[86][43], When Robert heard this, he told Bonin to give him control of the airplane. At 02:10:05 UTC, the autopilot disengaged, most likely because the pitot tubes had iced up, and the aircraft transitioned from "normal law" to "alternate law 2 (ALT2)". The bodies of the flight captain and a steward from the Air France flight that crashed off the coast of Brazil have been identified. [212] However, in 2021, a public prosecutor in Paris requested to have Airbus and Air France tried in a court of law. [183] Further debris and bodies, still trapped in the partly intact remains of the aircraft's fuselage, were at a depth of 3,980 metres (2,180 fathoms; 13,060ft). Fifty bodies had been previously recovered from the sea. [160][161] The Air France flight recorders were fitted with water-activated acoustic underwater locator beacons or "pingers", which should have remained active for at least 30 days, giving searchers that much time to locate the origin of the signals. [2] In response to this, Bonin temporarily gave the controls to Robert. On 1 June 2009, inconsistent airspeed indications led to the pilots inadvertently stalling the Airbus A330 serving the flight, failing to recover from it and eventually crashing into the Atlantic Ocean at 02:14 UTC, killing all 228 passengers and crew on board. The harrowing final minutes of the Air France flight from Rio de Janeiro to Paris that went into freefall and plunged into the Atlantic Ocean in 2009, killing all 228 people on board, will be . [68] Voice contact with the aircraft was lost around 01:35 UTC, 3 hours and 6 minutes after departure. All 228 passengers and crew on board died on impact from extreme trauma and the aircraft was destroyed. "[98] The 12 warning messages with the same time code indicate that the autopilot and autothrust system had disengaged, that the traffic collision avoidance system was in fault mode, and flight mode went from "normal law" to "alternate law (ALT)". [79] The right-side instruments were not recorded by the flight data recorder. [201], Between 5 May and 3 June 2011, 104 bodies were recovered from the wreckage, bringing the total number of bodies found to 154. The third interim report stated that some new facts had been established. This confirmed what had previously been concluded from post mortem examination of the bodies and debris recovered from the ocean surface; the aircraft had not broken up at altitude, but had fallen into the ocean intact. [41], A 99% Invisible podcast episode about the flight, entitled "Children of the Magenta (Automation Paradox, pt. The wreckage from AF 447 has been located. At a spot no farther than six miles north of the last known location of Air France Flight 447, side-scan sonar detectors attached to a tiny unmanned submarine late Saturday stumbled across a. was Air France Flight 447 on the floor of the Atlantic at a depth of approximately 12,800 feet. Hylton explained that the A330 "was considered to be among the safest" of the passenger aircraft. The Brazilian military said search crews scanning the Atlantic Ocean located two male bodies of passengers aboard Flight 447 which crashed midway through a trip from Rio de Janeiro to Paris. [111], Commercial air transport crews routinely encounter this type of storm in this area. In response, Bonin (without informing his colleagues) pulled his side-stick all the way back again,[43][2] and said, "We're going to crash! . [69] The aircraft left Brazilian Atlantic radar surveillance at 01:49 UTC,[2]:49[70] and entered a communication dead zone. A new documentary highlights the international operation to find and retrieve the wreckage of Air France flight AF447 from Rio de Janeiro in Brazil to Paris, France, that fell from the sky on. The cockpit synthetic voice, however, does give an aural message 'Dual Input' whenever opposite inputs are initiated by the pilots. Official sources (in French) the French version is the report of record. More precisely: that after one of the three independent systems had been diagnosed as faulty and excluded from consideration, the two remaining systems disagreed. A new documentary highlights the international operation to find and retrieve the wreckage of Air France flight AF447 from Rio de Janeiro in Brazil to Paris, France, that fell from the sky on 1 June 2009, killing all 228 passengers and crew. All 216 . [219][221] The FDRs also revealed that the aircraft's descent into the sea was not due to mechanical failure or the aircraft being overwhelmed by the weather, but because the flight crew had raised the aircraft's nose, reducing its speed until it entered an aerodynamic stall. [245][246][247] Multiple sensors provide the pitch (attitude) information and no indication was given that any of them were malfunctioning. [l] In the first incident, an Air France A340-300 (F-GLZL) en route from Tokyo to Paris experienced an event at 31,000 feet (9,400m), in which the airspeed was incorrectly reported and the autopilot automatically disengaged. [107][108][109][110] During its final hour, Flight 447 encountered areas of light turbulence. The airliner was likely to have struck the surface of the sea in a normal flight attitude, with a high rate of descent; No signs of any fires or explosions were found. [112] With the aircraft under the control of its automated systems, one of the main tasks occupying the cockpit crew was that of monitoring the progress of the flight through the ITCZ, using the on-board weather radar to avoid areas of significant turbulence. [224], In the minutes before its disappearance, the aircraft's onboard systems sent a number of messages, via the ACARS, indicating disagreement in the indicated airspeed readings. [225] French Transport Minister Dominique Bussereau said, "Obviously, the pilots [of Flight 447] did not have the [correct] speed showing, which can lead to two bad consequences for the life of the aircraft: under-speed, which can lead to a stall, and over-speed, which can lead to the aircraft breaking up because it is approaching the speed of sound and the structure of the plane is not made for enduring such speeds". In consequence, the stall warning came on whenever the pilot pushed forward on the stick and then stopped when he pulled back; this happened several times during the stall and this may have confused the pilots. The sighted wreckage included an aircraft seat, an orange buoy, a barrel, and "white pieces and electrical conductors". Lawyers for Airbus stated they would lodge an immediate appeal against the decision. The most junior pilot, 32-year-old . [43] Soon after this, Robert said to himself, "climb" four consecutive times. This has been the biggest investigation since Lockerbie. Bodies recovered in the first week were in good condition, but the beginning signs of decomposition were present on a body recovered after eight days. Its final position report at 02:10:34 gave the aircraft's coordinates as 259N 3035W / 2.98N 30.59W / 2.98; -30.59. [228][229], When it was introduced in 1994, the Airbus A330 was equipped with pitot tubes, part number 0851GR, manufactured by Goodrich Sensors and Integrated Systems. The aircraft struck the ocean belly-first at a speed of 152 knots (282 km/h; 175 mph), comprising vertical and horizontal components of 108 knots (200 km/h; 124 mph) and 107 knots (198 km/h; 123 mph), respectively. The cockpit's lack of a clear display of the inconsistencies in airspeed readings identified by the flight computers. Search instead in Creative? On the map, page 13 the coordinates in BEA's first interim report. Manslaughter trial over 2009 Air France crash begins with cries of shame, Final minutes of Air France flight AF447 to be examined as trial opens, AirFrance could face trial over 2009 crash of Rio-Paris flight, AirFrance flight 447: investigators examine black boxes from 2009 crash, AirFrance plane crash victims found after two-year search, AirFrance jet issued mayday alert close to where Flight AF447 disappeared, AirFrance plane was intact when it hit the ocean, AirFrance replacing instruments as debris find is dismissed, black box flight data and voice recorders, The pilots were confused and unaware they had stalled the plane, recovering passengers bodies from the ocean bed, BEA reports suggested a number of factors, including human error. We suddenly realised what a catastrophe it was it was not easy to look at the pictures, but I know from talking to relatives of victims that it meant a lot to them that the plane had been found, Purcell told Hydro International magazine. On the Alucia this spring, as Woods Hole scientists scanned the first photos of Flight 447, they saw more than just landing gear, engines and wings. [197] The aircraft's cockpit voice recorder was found on 2 May 2011, and was raised and brought on board the le de Sein the following day. [155] The submarine would use its sonar to listen for the ultrasonic signal emitted by the black boxes' "pingers",[156] covering 13sqmi (34km2; 9.8sqnmi) per day. [100][101] At 02:12 UTC, a warning message NAV ADR DISAGREE indicated that a disagreement existed between the three independent air data systems. [255] Ross reasoned that this might in part explain why the PF's [pilot flying] fatal nose-up inputs were not countermanded by his two colleagues. Showing Editorial results for air france flight 447. [6][36][37] Among the 216 passengers were 126 men, 82 women and 8 children (including 1 infant). [198], On 7 May, the flight recorders, under judicial seal, were taken aboard the French Navy patrol boat La Capricieuse for transfer to the port of Cayenne. [278] The co-pilots had spent three nights in Rio de Janeiro, but the BEA was unable to retrieve data regarding their rest and could not determine their activities during the stopover. [223] On 18 May, the head of the investigation further stated no major malfunction of the aircraft had been found so far in the data from the flight data recorder, but that minor malfunctions had not been ruled out. [275], Getting enough sleep is a constant concern for pilots of long-haul flights. [299][300][301] However, 10 days later, a French prosecutor lodged an appeal against the verdict. [166] The second phase of the search ended on 20 August without finding wreckage within a 75km (47mi; 40nmi) radius of the last position, as reported at 02:10. "[269] Against this backdrop of confusing information, difficulty with aural cognition (due to heavy buffeting from the storm, as well as the stall) and zero external visibility, the pilots had less than three minutes to identify the problem and take corrective action. Air France and Airbus have been put under investigation for involuntary homicide and the BEA reports suggested a number of factors, including human error, led to the tragedy. This confirmed the findings of the preliminary reports and provided additional details and recommendations to improve safety. [253] It highlighted the role of the co-pilot in stalling the aircraft, while the flight computer was under alternate law at high altitude. find the plane and its black box recorders on the ocean floor, at . F-GZCP was scheduled to have its pitot tubes replaced as soon as it returned to Paris. Ferrante told the Guardian the operation had taken money, international expertise, mathematics and in the end a bit of luck. [76] The engines' autothrust systems disengaged three seconds later. Air France 447 plunged into the Atlantic Ocean on June 1, 2009, killing all 228 people aboard. During the next 30 seconds, the aircraft rolled alternately left and right as he adjusted to the altered handling characteristics of the aircraft. "[40] Robert responded to this by saying, "controls to the left", and took over control of the aircraft. Put bluntly, big passenger planes do not just fall out of the sky. 1,189 Air France Flight 447 Photos and Premium High Res Pictures - Getty Images CREATIVE EDITORIAL VIDEO All Sports Entertainment News Archival Browse 1,189 air france flight 447 photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more photos and images. [231] Since it was not an AD, the guidelines allowed the operator to apply the recommendations at its discretion. The French authorities opened two investigations: On 5 June 2009, the BEA cautioned against premature speculation as to the cause of the crash. The Airbus A330-203 was in a blackspot between air traffic control towers in Brazil and Senegal, but still sending automatic communication pings every 10 minutes. The stall warnings stopped, as all airspeed indications were now considered invalid by the aircraft's computer because of the high angle of attack. Following its investigation, the BEA recommended that the European Aviation Safety Agency and the FAA should consider making an AoA indicator on the instrument panel mandatory. [2]:137, On 27 May 2011, the BEA released an update on its investigation describing the history of the flight as recorded by the FDR. Inconsistent air speed indications in a storm led to the pilots inadvertently stalling the Airbus A330-200. [226], Between May 2008 and March 2009, nine incidents involving the temporary loss of airspeed indication appeared in the air safety reports (ASRs) for Air France's A330/A340 fleet. [313], On 9 September 2021, the Science Channel Documentary Deadly Engineering covered the crash on Season 3 Episode 1: "Catastrophes in the Sky".[314]. [50], The majority of passengers were French, Brazilian, or German citizens. Guy Gratton, an aviation expert from the Flight Safety Laboratory at Brunel University, said, "This is an air accident the likes of which we haven't seen before. At the time of the crash, it was Air France's newest A330. Bonin heard this and replied, "But I've been at maximum nose-up for a while!" . "[261], In a July 2011 article in Aviation Week, Chesley "Sully" Sullenberger was quoted as saying the crash was a "seminal accident" and suggested that pilots would be able to better handle upsets of this type if they had an indication of the wing's angle of attack (AoA). Macabre images of the underwater. [2]:24[279][280], Shortly after the crash, Air France changed the number of the regular Rio de Janeiro-Paris flight from AF447 to AF445. [114][115], Flight 447 was due to pass from Brazilian airspace into Senegalese airspace around 02:20 (UTC) on 1 June, and then into Cape Verdean airspace at roughly 03:45. [287][288], Air France and Airbus have been investigated for manslaughter since 2011, but in 2019, prosecutors recommended dropping the case against Airbus and charging Air France with manslaughter and negligence, concluding, "the airline was aware of technical problems with a key airspeed monitoring instrument on its planes but failed to train pilots to resolve them". The crew lacked understanding of the approach to stall. [157], Following the end of the search for bodies, the search continued for the Airbus's "black boxes"the Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) and the Flight Data Recorder (FDR).
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