Finally, globalization has had both positive and negative impacts on the culture, providing opportunities for cultural exchange but also posing challenges for preserving a high context culture. It is similar to other high context cultures in terms of its group orientation and emphasis on social harmony, but has some unique characteristics such as a more individualistic approach to problem solving and a stronger emphasis on hierarchy. The aim is not to protect a person's property, but rather to preserve the cultural heritage of humanity, especially in the event of war and armed conflict. Answer: a. teaches its members how to behave and conditions their reactions. Choose two phrases to form a sentence that correctly uses a word from Word List 6. d. Matthew Arnold contrasted "culture" with anarchy; other Europeans, following philosophers Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, contrasted "culture" with "the state of nature." These critics considered folk music (as produced by "the folk," i.e., rural, illiterate, peasants) to honestly express a natural way of life, while classical music seemed superficial and decadent. So far as tasks in life are concerned, virtue comprises acquiring skills, working hard, education, being wise in spending as well as showing perseverance and patience. b. a. Humanity is in a global "accelerating culture change period," driven by the expansion of international commerce, the mass media, and above all, the human population explosion, among other factors. 1) Which of the following countries is considered a high-context culture? is created by a structured educational system. [citation needed] Some researchers, especially in early British cultural studies, apply a Marxist model to the field. [60] Culture may affect the way that people experience and express emotions. (a)To maintain good relations with trading partners, (c) To support its domestic industries that use minerals, (d) To increase global supply and reduce the price, Answer- 1) Which country is high context culture? ScholarOn, 10685-B Hazelhurst Dr. # 25977, Houston, TX 77043,USA. In 2004, its first comprehensive volume on "Culture, Leadership, and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies" was published, based on results from about 17,300 middle managers from 951 organizations in the food processing, financial services, and telecommunications services industries. c. All of the following have been victims of trademark trolling in Power Distance Index & Examples | What is Power Distance? [12][13], The word is used in a general sense as the evolved ability to categorize and represent experiences with symbols and to act imaginatively and creatively. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. These variables include gender egalitarianism, institutional collectivism, in-group collectivism, and human orientation. Part of the legacy of the early development of the field lingers in the methods (much of cultural, sociological research is qualitative), in the theories (a variety of critical approaches to sociology are central to current research communities), and in the substantive focus of the field. b. When exchanging important information with someone for whom English is a second language, you should confirm the results and agreements in writing. [71][72][73], This article is about culture as used in the social sciences and humanities. In 1870 the anthropologist Edward Tylor (18321917) applied these ideas of higher versus lower culture to propose a theory of the evolution of religion. Environmental conditions may also enter as factors. [vii], [ii] online.seu.edu/articles/high-and-low-context-cultures/, [iii] courses.candelalearning.com/-by-culture-2/, [iv] https://www.cleverism.com/understanding-cultures-people-hofstede-dimensions/, [v] courses.candelalearning.com/-by-culture-2/, [vi] http://tevinsic.blogspot.com/2012/03/cultural-patterns-and-communication_02.html, [vii] https://www.inspireimagineinnovate.com/pdf/globesummary-by-michael-h-hoppe.pdf. According to Hobbes and Rousseau, the Native Americans who were being conquered by Europeans from the 16th centuries on were living in a state of nature; this opposition was expressed through the contrast between "civilized" and "uncivilized. Members of ingroups usually share many characteristics and experiences. According to this theory, religion evolves from more polytheistic to more monotheistic forms. The theory of Hofstede's cultural dimensions constitutes a framework revolving around cross-cultural communication, which was devised by Geert Hofstede. On the one hand, it has opened up opportunities for cultural exchange, allowing people to learn more about different cultures. War or competition over resources may impact technological development or social dynamics. [2] [25] This view paved the way for the modern understanding of culture. a. High-context. Which of the following countries represents a high - Course Hero "[27], In practice, culture referred to an elite ideal and was associated with such activities as art, classical music, and haute cuisine. These forces are related to both social structures and natural events, and are involved in the perpetuation of cultural ideas and practices within current structures, which themselves are subject to change. In diffusion, the form of something (though not necessarily its meaning) moves from one culture to another. It is also intended to affect the particularly sensitive cultural memory, the growing cultural diversity and the economic basis (such as tourism) of a state, region or municipality. Culture, for a cultural-studies researcher, not only includes traditional high culture (the culture of ruling social groups)[50] and popular culture, but also everyday meanings and practices. Acculturation has different meanings. Select an answer and submit. Which of the following statements is most accurate? Fostering contractual relationships that revolve around the fundamentals of exchange. [55], Petrakis and Kostis (2013) divide cultural background variables into two main groups:[56]. The need for well-written messages has declined in today's workforce. d. Additionally, cultural ideas may transfer from one society to another, through diffusion or acculturation. You consider several key agenda items to include and why ? [citation needed] The distinction between American and British strands, however, has faded. [16], Cultures are internally affected by both forces encouraging change and forces resisting change. Japan Norway Germany Japan United States Rationale: Japan, along with China and Arab countries, is a high-context culture. Marion hired you to research why employees are coming late and. Culture is shaped by attitudes learned in adulthood. ", "a particular way of life, whether of a people, period or a group. (a) The EU imposes tariffs on U.S. agricultural products, (b) China limits the amount of rare-earth minerals that can be Rein Raud, building on the work of Umberto Eco, Pierre Bourdieu and Jeffrey C. Alexander, has proposed a model of cultural change based on claims and bids, which are judged by their cognitive adequacy and endorsed or not endorsed by the symbolic authority of the cultural community in question. Because of technology, all workers will write more on the job and use a wider range of communication channels, including letters, memos, e-mails, wikis, texts, instant messages, and blogs. Economics questions and answers. Communicators in low-context cultures tend to be logical, analytical, and action oriented. However, there are some key differences between Japan and the other countries. c.is created by a structured educational system. (. (d) Canada Theme: Newsup by Themeansar. Human Growth and Development: Certificate Program, Human Growth and Development: Help and Review, Human Growth and Development: Tutoring Solution, Human Growth and Development: Homework Help Resource, UExcel Social Psychology: Study Guide & Test Prep, Introduction to Social Psychology: Certificate Program, Social Psychology: Homework Help Resource, Educational Psychology: Tutoring Solution, UExcel Life Span Developmental Psychology: Study Guide & Test Prep, Life Span Developmental Psychology: Help and Review, Life Span Developmental Psychology: Tutoring Solution, Life Span Developmental Psychology: Homework Help Resource, Human Growth & Development Syllabus Resource & Lesson Plans, DSST Lifespan Developmental Psychology Prep, Create an account to start this course today. b. For instance, relationships between popular culture, political control, and social class were early and lasting concerns in the field. degree to which members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous situations Being better ability to create the products desired by consumers Societies that have small power distance possess the following features: Participative or consultative style of management; Decision-making responsibility and authority decentralized; Questioning the authority and lack of acceptance; Tolerance toward differing opinions and behaviors. The situation, people, and non-verbal elements are more important than the actual words that are communicated. These traits identify the cultural dimension of. b. Check all that apply. Write a speech convincing your colleagues in Congress to pass or defeat Trumans Fair Deal measures. (c) Germany Emphasis on a relationship order depending on status, and observance of this order; Emphasis on persistence and perseverance; Positive association with economic growth; Inclination toward interrelatedness represented in sensitivity toward social contacts. Solved Which of the following countries has a high-context - Chegg Improving employee relationships and increasing productivity Scholars in the United Kingdom and the United States developed somewhat different versions of cultural studies after the late 1970s. of the following countries would be considered individualistic cultures: Which CHAPTER 36: Assessment of the Hematologic Sys, Communications in Management Chapter 02: Flas, Communications in Management Chapter 01: Flas, Communications in Management Chapter 01: Prac, Literature and Composition: Reading, Writing,Thinking, Carol Jago, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses. McClenon, James. In conclusion, Japan is a high context culture characterized by shared values, norms, and beliefs. They rely less on context & non-verbal cues and instead convey meaning more directly. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Unlock new opportunities and expand your reach by joining our authors team. 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Why does China limit its exports of rare-earth minerals? All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. According to Karl von Habsburg, President of Blue Shield International, the destruction of cultural assets is also part of psychological warfare. These cultures engage in the calculation of profit and loss prior to engagement in a behavior. Additionally, the language provides clues to its high context nature, and family and community play an important role in shaping the culture. For example, the language is highly contextual, with meanings often dependent on the context in which it is used. _________ is defined as the perception of membership in a group that is part of an encompassing culture. \underline{\qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad}\\ \underline{\qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad} United States document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Proudly powered by WordPress China China is also on the list of high context countries because its culture is influenced by Confucian elements (benevolence, propriety, righteousness, etc.). Within cultural anthropology, the ideology and analytical stance of cultural relativism hold that cultures cannot easily be objectively ranked or evaluated because any evaluation is necessarily situated within the value system of a given culture. These communicators represent what kind of culture? Japan Which of the following is a common trait of a business communicator from a low-context culture? Military Manual." The sociology of culture concerns culture as manifested in society. 3) Group of answer choices Most Americans communicate with business associates at approximately 1 feet. [citation needed], Raimon Panikkar identified 29 ways in which cultural change can be brought about, including growth, development, evolution, involution, renovation, reconception, reform, innovation, revivalism, revolution, mutation, progress, diffusion, osmosis, borrowing, eclecticism, syncretism, modernization, indigenization, and transformation. Which of the following is not a dimension of culture? His use, and that of many writers after him, "refers to all the ways in which human beings overcome their original barbarism, and through artifice, become fully human. Solved 1) Which of the following countries is considered a - Chegg a. Answer: a. follow up important messages in writing. of the following countries would be considered low-context cultures: The a. 31. refers to the degree to which a person identifies with a particular group. d. Low-context 36. North Americans value straightforwardness and are suspicious of evasiveness. Which of the following countries represents a high-context culture? Diffusion of innovations theory presents a research-based model of why and when individuals and cultures adopt new ideas, practices, and products.[20]. In 1860, Adolf Bastian (18261905) argued for "the psychic unity of mankind. Visual arts of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas a. Members of the culture place emphasis on interpersonal relationships. Unequal relationships existing between people ensure the stability of society. (b) Impunity is \qquad (d) the inability to break a habit. It helped me pass my exam and the test questions are very similar to the practice quizzes on Study.com. Context, which refers to the stimuli, environment, or ambience surrounding an event, is probably the most important dimension of culture. encompassing culture. Write each sentence in the space provided. Such perspectives are common in the discipline of cultural studies. Create your account. Culture can be either of two types, non-material culture or material culture. d. Every country has a unique culture or common heritage that. 1) Which of the following countries represents a high-context culture? Answer: d. Low-context Social media always makes individuals of various cultures feel connected. New York: J.P. Putnam's Son, Jackson, Y. Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology, p. 203, Kant, Immanuel. Cultural change, or repositioning, is the reconstruction of a cultural concept of a society. They also depend little on the context of a situation to convey their meaning. from the free trade provided by the Trans-Pacific Partnership? Preferring indirect verbal interaction, c.Placing emphasis on written information. The They saw patterns of consumption and leisure as determined by relations of production, which led them to focus on class relations and the organization of production.[43][44]. To be cultural, to have a culture, is to inhabit a place sufficiently intensely to cultivate itto be responsible for it, to respond to it, to attend to it caringly."[8]. Because members of a low-context culture such as Germany consider words in contracts to be precise, important, and constant, they view contracts differently than will members of high-context cultures like Mexico, Greece, and Japan. Article 27 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights deals with cultural heritage in two ways: it gives people the right to participate in cultural life on the one hand and the right to the protection of their contributions to cultural life on the other. [63] Cultural lenses may also make people view the same outcome of events differently. _________ c. culture? [67], In the 21st century, the protection of culture has been the focus of increasing activity by national and international organizations. Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions: Theory, Purpose & Types | What is Cultural Dimension? Richard Hoggart coined the term in 1964 when he founded the Birmingham Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies or CCCS. Primarily use non-verbal methods to relay meaningful information in conversations, such as facial expressions, eye movement, and tone of voice. A comparatively static, more conventional mentality; Emphasis on reciprocation of gifts, favors, and greetings; Negative association with economic growth. Which of the following countries represents a high-context culture? The GLOBE Project Overview & Behavior Styles | What is the GLOBE Project? Which word would be, To prevent reactions due to language usage, Peter should probably use "layoff" to describe his company's need to let go of employees. This page was last edited on 20 April 2023, at 12:57. [64] Culture is important for psychologists to consider when understanding the human mental operation. 2) According to research conducted by international business scholar Geert Hofstede, Japan is similar to China, South Korea, and India in terms of its high context culture. Germany The concept of material culture covers the physical expressions of culture, such as technology, architecture and art, whereas the immaterial aspects of culture such as principles of social organization (including practices of political organization and social institutions), mythology, philosophy, literature (both written and oral), and science comprise the intangible cultural heritage of a society.[5]. Which of the following statements about today's business environments is most accurate? Ethnocentrism occurs in only Western cultures. Some other, communication and collaborative technologies being used today include social media, Web and voice conferencing, blogs, wikis, podcasts, and social, Communicators from North America, Scandinavia, and Germany tend to be logical, analytical, and action oriented. The level of cultural sophistication has also sometimes been used to distinguish civilizations from less complex societies. Do you have knowledge or insights to share? Which of the following countries would be considered individualistic cultures: Which of the following countries would be considered low-context cultures: The degree to which members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous . (1871). The modern term "culture" is based on a term used by the ancient Roman orator Cicero in his Tusculanae Disputationes, where he wrote of a cultivation of the soul or "cultura animi,"[6] using an agricultural metaphor for the development of a philosophical soul, understood teleologically as the highest possible ideal for human development. Exploring the Benefits of Probiotics in Greek Yogurt, Who Invented the Pythagoras Theorem? They are characterized by shared values, norms, and beliefs that develop over time. Which of the following countries is considered a high-context c. 1.5: Taxonomies of Cultural Patterns - Social Sci LibreTexts Globalization has had both positive and negative impacts on Japans high context culture. Which statement about the effect of social media and communication technology on culture is. 35. Although more inclusive than earlier views, this approach to culture still allowed for distinctions between "civilized" and "primitive" or "tribal" cultures. Concentration on self or at the most very near and dear ones, and concern with behavioral relationships as well as own goals, interests, and needs. The Extended Phenotype: The Long Reach of the Gene. Thus a contrast between "culture" and "civilization" is usually implied in these authors, even when not expressed as such. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you When used as a count noun, a "culture" is the set of customs, traditions, and values of a society or community, such as an ethnic group or nation.